San Marino




                                 Geography


Location:
     Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references:
     Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
     60 sq km
land area:
     60 sq km
comparative area:
     about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
     total 39 km, Italy 39 km
Coastline:
     0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
     none; landlocked
International disputes:
     none
Climate:
     Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain:
     rugged mountains
Natural resources:
     building stone
Land use:
arable land:
     17%
permanent crops:
     0%
meadows and pastures:
     0%
forest and woodland:
     0%
other:
     83%
Irrigated land:
     NA sq km
Environment:
international agreements:
     NA
current issues:
     NA
natural hazards:
     signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change
Note:
     landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See
     and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines


                                  People




Population:
     24,091 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
     0.96% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
     11.17 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
     7.39 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
     5.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
     5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
     81.23 years
male:
     77.17 years
female:
     85.28 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
     1.53 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
     Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective:
     Sammarinese
Ethnic divisions:
     Sammarinese, Italian
Religions:
     Roman Catholic
Languages:
     Italian
Literacy:
     age 14 and over can read and write (1976)
total population:
     96%
male:
     96%
female:
     95%
Labor force:
     4,300 (est.)
by occupation:
     NA


                                Government


Names:
conventional long form:
     Republic of San Marino
conventional short form:
local long form:
     Repubblica di San Marino




local short form:
Digraph:
     SM
Type:
     republic
Capital:
Administrative divisions:
     9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo
     Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino,
     San Marino, Serravalle
Independence:
     301 AD (by tradition)
National holiday:
     Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Constitution:
     8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of
     a constitution
Legal system:
     based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not
     accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
     18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
co-chiefs of state:
     Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI and Captain Regent Fausto MULARONI
     (for the period 1 April 1994-30 September 1994) real executive power
     is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the
     secretary of state for internal affairs
head of government:
     Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986)
cabinet:
     Congress of State;  elected by the Council for the duration of its
     term
Legislative branch:
     unicameral
Great and General Council:
      (Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next
     to be held by NA May 1998); results - DCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%,
     ADP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) DCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11,
     ADP 4, MD 3, RC 2
Judicial branch:
     Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Political parties and leaders:
     Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Pier Marino MENICUCCI, Luigi
     LONFERNINI; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP) formerly San Marino
     Communist Party (PSS), Stefano MACINA; San Marino Socialist Party
     (PSS), Dr. Emma ROSSI, Antonio Lazzaro VOLPINARI; Democratic Movement
     (MD), Emilio Della BALDA; Popular Democratic Alliance (ADP); Communist
     Refoundation (RC), Guiseppe AMICHI, Renato FABBRI
Member of:
     CE, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS,
     NAM (guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO




Diplomatic representation in US:
honorary consulate(s) general:
     Washington and New York
honorary consulate(s):
     Detroit
US diplomatic representation:
     no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy)
     is accredited to San Marino
Flag:
     two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the
     national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has
     a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath,
     below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)


                                  Economy


Overview:
     The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1991 more than 3.1
     million tourists visited San Marino, 2.7 million of whom were
     Italians. The key industries are wearing apparel, electronics, and
     ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per
     capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those
     of Italy.
National product:
     GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $370 million (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
     NA%
National product per capita:
     $16,000 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
     6.2% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
     3% (1991)
Budget:
revenues:
     $275 million
expenditures:
     $275 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
     trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodity trade
     consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood,
     chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide
     variety of consumer manufactures
Imports:
     see exports
External debt:
     $NA
Industrial production:
     growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of workforce
Electricity:
     supplied by Italy
Industries:
     wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourism




Agriculture:
     employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives,
     meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses; depends on
     Italy for food imports
Economic aid:
     $NA
Currency:
     1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins
Exchange rates:
     Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,700.2 (January 1994), 1,573.7 (1993),
     1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989)
Fiscal year:
     calendar year


                              Communications


Highways:
total:
     104 km
paved:
     NA
unpaved:
     NA
Telecommunications:
     automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system;
     11,700 telephones; broadcast services from Italy; microwave and cable
     links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities


                              Defense Forces


Branches:
     public security or police force
Defense expenditures:
     $3.7 million (1992 est.), 1% of GDP